Indian Geography Test 3

Answer – A

• As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast.
• There are well-developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of ports and harbours.
• The continental shelf extends up to 500 km into the sea, which makes it difficult for the development of good ports and harbours.

Answer – C

Bay of Bengal island groups consist of about 572 islands/islets. These are situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and 92°E -94°E. The two principal groups of islets include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the Labrynth island.

Answer – A

Islands in Bay of Bengal are divided into two broad categories – the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. They are separated by a water body which is called the Ten degree channel.

Answer – C

Andaman and Nicobar islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. However,

some smaller islands are volcanic in origin. Barren island, the only active volcano in India

is also situated in the Nicobar islands.

Answer – B

Some important mountain peaks in Andaman and Nicobar islands are Saddle peak (North Andaman – 738 m), Mount Diavolo (Middle Andaman – 515 m), Mount Koyob (South Andaman – 460 m) and Mount Thuiller (Great Nicobar – 642 m).

Answer – C

• The islands of the Arabian sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy. These are scattered between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude.
• These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast.
• The entire island group is built of coral deposits.

Answer – A

• The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada. The tidal bulge is 1,440 cm.
• Because there are two high tides and two low tides every day (roughly a 24 hour period); then a tide must come in within about a six hour period. As a rough estimate, the tide rises about 240 cm an hour (1,440 cm divided by 6 hours).
• Hence option A is correct.

Answer – C

• The tidal bulges on wide continental shelves, have greater height. When tidal bulges hit the mid-oceanic islands they become low. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The shape of bays and estuaries along a coastline can also magnify the intensity of tides. Funnel-shaped bays greatly change tidal magnitudes. When the tide is channelled between islands or into bays and estuaries they are called tidal currents. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Answer – C

• The position of both the sun and the moon in relation to the earth has direct bearing on tide height. When the sun, the moon and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher. These are called spring tides and they occur twice a month, one on full moon period and another during new moon period. Hence statements 1 and 2 correct.

Answer – A

• The moon’s gravitational pull to a great extent and to a lesser extent the sun’s gravitational pull, are the major causes for the occurrence of tides.
• Another factor is centrifugal force, which is the force that acts to counter balance the gravity.
• Together, the gravitational pull and the centrifugal force are responsible for creating the two major tidal bulges on the earth. On the surface of the earth, nearest the moon, pull or the attractive force of the moon is greater than the centrifugal force, and so there is a net force causing a bulge towards the moon.
• Hence option A is correct.

Answer – B

• The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide. Hence statement 1 is incorrect
• Movement of water caused by meteorological effects (winds and atmospheric pressure changes) are called surges. Surges are not regular like tides. The study of tides is very complex, spatially and temporally, as it has great variations in frequency, magnitude and height. Hence statement 2 is correct

Answer – A

Answer – B

• Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas lie approximately between the Ravi in the west and the Kali (a tributary of Ghaghara) in the east. It is thus drained by two major river systems of India, i.e. the Indus and the Ganga. Hence statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Answer – A

• Between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range, lies the world famous valley of Kashmir and the famous Dal Lake.
• Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct matches.

Answer – C

• Some of the important passes of the Kashmir Himalayas are Zoji La on the Great Himalayas, Banihal on the Pir Panjal, Photu La on the Zaskar and Khardung La on the Ladakh range.. Hence statement 3 only is correct.

Answer – A

• Some of the important fresh lakes such as Dal and Wular and salt water lakes such as Pangong Tso and Tso Moriri are there in Kashmir Himalayas. Hence statement 1 and 2 are correct

Answer – C

• An important aspect of the Arunachal Himalayas is the numerous ethnic tribal community inhabiting in these areas. Some of the prominent ones from west to east are the Monpa, Daffla, Abor, Mishmi, Nishi and the Nagas. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Most of these communities practise Jhumming. It is also known as shifting or slash and burn cultivation. This region is rich in biodiversity which has been preserved by the indigenous communities.
• Due to rugged topography, the inter-valley transportation linkages are nominal. Hence, most of the interactions are carried through the duar region along the Arunachal-Assam border. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Answer – B

• Eastern Hills and Mountains are part of the Himalayan mountain system having their general alignment from the north to the south direction. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• They are known by different local names. In the north, they are known as Patkai Bum, Naga hills, the Manipur hills and in the south as Mizo or Lushai hills. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• These are low hills, inhabited by numerous tribal groups practising Jhum cultivation.

Answer – D

Arunachal Himalayas extend from the east of the Bhutan Himalayas up to the Diphu pass in the east. Hence statement 1 is correct
The general direction of the mountain range is from southwest to northeast. Some of the important mountain peaks of the region are Kangtu and Namcha Barwa. Hence statement 2 is correct
These ranges are dissected by fast-flowing rivers from the north to the south, forming deep gorges. Bhramaputra flows through a deep gorge after crossing Namcha Barwa. Some of the important rivers are the Kameng, the Subansiri, the Dihang, the Dibang and the Lohit. These are perennial with the high rate of fall, thus, having the highest hydro-electric power potential in the country. Hence statement 3 is correct

Answer – A

• As compared to the other sections of the Himalayas, Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas along with the Arunachal Himalayas are conspicuous by the absence of the Shiwalik formations.
• In place of the Shiwaliks here, the ‘duar formations’ are important, which have also been used for the development of tea gardens. Hence statements 1 and 2 only are correct.

Answer – B

• Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas are flanked by Nepal Himalayas in the west and Bhutan Himalayas in the east. It is relatively small but is a most significant part of the Himalayas.
• Known for its fast-flowing rivers such as Tista, it is a region of high mountain peaks like Kanchenjunga (Kanchengiri), and deep valleys. Hence statement 2 is correct
• As compared to the other sections of the Himalayas, Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas along with the Arunachal Himalayas are conspicuous by the absence of the Shiwalik formations. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
• The higher reaches of this region are inhabited by Lepcha tribes while the southern part, particularly the Darjiling Himalayas, has a mixed population of Nepalis, Bengalis and tribals from Central India Hence statement 1 is incorrect

Answer – A

• India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles (about 21.9 km) from the coast. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100 km in the mainland and 7,517 km in the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups Andaman and Nicobar located in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.